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One factor that can influence consumers is their mood state. Mood may be defined 【B1】_____

_ a temporary and mild positive or negative feeling that is generalized and not tied 【B2】______ any particular circumstance. Moods should be 【B3】______ from emotions which are usually more intense, 【B4】______ to specific circumstances, and often conscious. 【B5】______ one sense, the effect of a consumer's mood can be thought of in 【B6】______ the same way as can our reactions to the 【B7】______ of our friends -- when our friends are happy and "up", that tends to influence us positively, 【B8】______ when they are "down", that can have a 【B9】______ impact on us. Similarly, consumers operating under a 【B10】______ mood state tend to react to stimuli (刺激因素) in a direction 【B11】______ with that mood state. Thus, for example, we should expect to see 【B12】______ in a positive mood state evaluate products in more of a 【B13】______ manner than they would when not in such a state. 【B14】______ , mood states appear capable of 【B15】______ a consumer's memory.

Moods appear to be 【B16】______ influenced by marketing techniques. For example, the rhythm, pitch, and 【B17】______ of music has been shown to influence behavior. such as the 【B18】______ of time spent in supermarkets or 【B19】______ to purchase products. In addition, advertising can influence consumers' moods which, in 【B20】______ , are capable of influencing consumers' reactions to products.

【B1】

A．as

B．about

C．by

D．with

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发布时间：2022-07-27

更多“One factor that can influence consumers is their mood state. Mood may be defined 【B1】_____”相关的问题

第1题

When Mrs. Joseph Groger died recently in Vienna, Austria, people asked, "Why did

she live to be 107？" Answers were provided by an investigation made among 148 Viennese 一 men and women who had reached the age of 100. Somewhat surprising was the fact that the majority had lived most their lives in cities. In spite of the city's image as an unhealthy place, city living often provides benefits that country living may lack. One factor seems to be important to these long-lived persons.

This factor is exercise. In the cities, it is often faster and less frustrating to walk short distances than to wait for a bus. Even taking public transportation often requires some walking. Smaller apartment houses have no elevators, and so tenants must climb stairs. City dwellers(居民) can usually walk to local supermarkets. Since parking spaces are hard to find, there is often no alternative to walking.

On the other hand, those who live in the country and suburbs do not have to walk every day. In fact the opposite is often true. To go to school, work or almost anywhere else, they must ride in cars.

1)、The Vienna survey may help to explain the long life of people like Mrs. Groger.

A.T

B.F

2)、The purpose of the second paragraph is to list some comments made by city dwellers.

A.T

B.F

3)、To reach the third floor of a building, it would probably be most healthy to walk up the stairs.

A.T

B.F

4)、Suburban people probably drive rather than walk because they don't need exercises.

A.T

B.F

5)、We can conclude from the passage that walking is a healthy exercise.

A.T

B.F

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第2题

Not content with its doubtful claim to produce cheap food for our own population, the fact

or, farming industry also argues that" hungry nations are benefiting from advances made by the poultry(家禽) industry". In fact, rather than helping the fight against malnutrition(营养不良) in" hungry nations", the spread of factory farming has, inevitably aggravated the problem.

Large-scale intensive meat and poultry production is a waste of food resources. This is because more protein has to be fed to animals in the form. of vegetable matter than can ever be recovered in the form. of meat. Much of the food value is lost in the animal's process of digestion and cell replacement. Neither, in the case of chicken, can one eat feathers, blood, feet or head. In all, only about 44% of the live animal fits to be eaten as meat.

This means one has to feed approximately 9-l0 times as much food value to the animal than one can consume from the carcass. As a system for feeding the hungry, the effects can prove disastrous. At times of crisis, grain is the food of life.

Nevertheless, the huge increase in poultry production throughout Asia and Africa continues.

Normally British or US firms are involved. For instance, an American based multinational company has this year announced its involvement in projects in several African countries. Britain's largest suppliers chickens, Ross Breeders, are also involved in projects all over the world.

Because such trade is good for exports, Western governments encourage it. In 1979, a firm in Bangladesh called Phoenix Poultry received a grant to set up a unit of 6,000 chickens and 18,000 laying hens. This almost doubled the number of poultry kept in the country all at once.

But Bangladesh lacks capital, energy and food and has large numbers of unemployed. Such chicken-raising demands capital for building and machinery, extensive use of energy resources for automation, and involves feeding chickens with potential famine-relief protein food. At present, one of Bangladesh's main imports is food grains, because the country is unable to grow enough food to feed its population. On what then can they possibly feed the chicken？

In this passage the author argues that ______.

A．efficiency must be raised in the poultry industry

B．raising poultry can provide more protein than growing grain

C．factory farming will do more harm than good to developing countries

D．hungry nations may benefit from the development of the poultry industry

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第3题

There are many factors which may have an influence on adults and children being able to le

ad a healthy life.

Nowadays, people are very busy. Often, both parents work outside the home. Children are expected to take on more responsibility at home to help their parents. They also have sporting and leisure activities as well as school expectations.

The busyness also adds another factor: the need to use cars to get from one place to another quickly.

Today, society places a lot of emphasis on technology. Computers, DVDs, CDs, television, PlayStations and Xboxes have become major leisure activities, rather than traditional more active pursuits. This has led to a more sedentary lifestyle.

The media provide entertainment and information. (79)Unfortunately, they also promote fast food which fits easily into busy lifestyles. It is much more convenient at times to buy a quick takeaway rather than prepare a meal. The media constantly bombard(轰炸) their audience with "perfect" body images, the need to buy the most fashionable clothes, the most up-to-date computer games, the best places to visit and the best things to do.

Environments vary. We may be exposed to pollution, such as cigarette smoke. This can be harmful to people who suffer from breathing difficulties. (80)Environments where passive smoking is unavoidable make it difficult to lead a healthy life.

Perhaps the important factor influencing healthy lifestyles is motivation, or the desire to be healthy. Any person who wants to be healthy will find a way to be healthy—if he/she is motivated enough!

The passage is mainly about______.

A．benefits of a healthy life style

B．demands of daily life

C．factors affecting a healthy lifestyle

D．a positive approach to healthy living

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第4题

Chris Peterson was teaching a class in psychology at Virginia Tech when he told his st

udents to fill out a carefully designed test that determines a person's level of optimism and pessimism. The students also answered questions about their general heath, including how often they went to a doctor.

Peterson followed the health of his students the following year and discovered that the pessimists had twice as many diseases and made twice as many trips to the doctor as the optimists.

Later, Martin Seligman of the University of Pennsylvania and two of his colleagues, using interviews and blood tests, found that optimists have better immune (免疫的) activity than pessimists. Why？ One big factor is that "Pessimistic individuals," as Seligman writes, "get depressed more easily and more often."

When a person is depressed, certain brain hormones (荷尔蒙) become reduced, creating a chain of biochemical (生物化学的) events that end up slowing down the activity of the immune system.

Optimists also look at information in more depth to find out what they can do about the risk factors. In a study by Lisa Aspinwall, at the University of Maryland, subjects read health-related information on cancer and other topics. She discovered that optimists spent more time than pessimists reading the severe risk material and they recommend more of it.

"These are people," says Aspinwall, "who aren't sitting around wishing things were different. They believe in a better outcome, and that whatever measures they take will help them to heal." In other words, instead of having their heads in the clouds, optimistic people look and seek. They aren't afraid to look into the situation because they're optimistic. Thus, for yet another reason, optimists are likely to be healthier.

The best news is what research has shown repeatedly: Anyone can become more optimistic with effort. And every effort you make to keep an optimistic attitude will reward you with a stronger immune system. So you'll enjoy better health.

1. The purpose of these scientific studies is to ________.

A、pick out people who are more optimistic

B、determine a person's level of optimism and pessimism

C、prove pessimistic people get depressed more easily and more often

D、discover to what degree one's health is related to one's attitude in life

2. Seligman's research suggests that ________.

A、optimism helps people become healthier

B、interviews are the main tool used in the research

C、blood tests may not produce exact results

D、one's immune system is controlled by one's thoughts

3. According to the scientists, the reduction of immune activity is basically caused by ________.

A、some uncertain factors.

B、one's worse condition of health

C、one's depressed feeling

D、the change of biochemical events

4. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.

A、optimists spend more time on studying and searching

B、pessimists are more concerned with their health

C、we can tell who is a pessimist by observing his reading behavior

D、hormones are something with mysterious effects on the brain

5. Which of the following statements is NOT true？

A、Everyone can develop an optimistic attitude with effort.

B、Pessimists have no hope of making a change in their attitude.

C、Optimists have a stronger immune system.

D、A positive attitude toward life makes us healthier.

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第5题

There is evidence that the usual variety of high blood pressure is, in part, a family dise

ase. Since families have similar genes as well as similar environment, family diseases could be due to shared genetic influences, to shared environmental factors, or to both. For some years, the role of one's environmental factor commonly shared by families, namely, dietary salt, has been studied at Brookhaven National Laboratory. These studies suggest that chronic excess salt ingestion can lead to high blood pressure in man and animals. Some individuals, however, and some rats consume large amounts of salt without developing high blood pressure. No matter how strictly all environmental factors were controlled in these experiments, some salt - fed animals never develop hypertension whereas a few rapidly developed very severe hypertension followed by early death. These marked variations were interpreted to result from differences in genetic constitution.

By mating in successive generations only those animals that failed to develop hypertension from salt ingestion, a resistant strain (the" R" strain) has been evolved in which consumption of large quantities of salt fails to influence the blood pressure significantly. In contrast, by mating only animals that quickly develop hypertension from salt, a sensitive strain ("S" strain) has also been developed.

The availability of these two strains permits investigations not heretofore possible. They provide a plausible laboratory model on which to investigate some clinical aspects of the human proto - types of hypertension. More important, there might be the possibility of developing methods by which genetic susceptibility of human beings to high blood pressure can be defined without waiting for its appearance.

Which statement relates the main idea of this passage？

A．When salt is added to their diets, rats and men react in much the same way.

B．The near future will see a cure for high blood pressure.

C．Modem research has shown that high blood pressure is a result of salt in the diet.

D．A tendency toward high blood pressure may be a hereditary factor.

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第6题

Researchers have recently found a connection between disease and stressful situations. To

test this theory, psychologists are trying to find a link between the brain and the immune system.

The immune system in our bodies fights the bacteria and viruses which cause disease. There- fore, whether or not we are likely to get various diseases depends on how well our immune system works. Biologists used to think that the immune system was a separate, independent part of our bodies. Recently, however, they have found that our brain can affect our immune system. This discovery indicates that there may be a connection between emotional factors, such as stress or depression, and illness.

Although many doctors in the past suspected a connection between emotional factor and disease, they had no proof. Scientists have only recently discovered how the brain and the immune sys- tem function. Before this, no one could see a link between them. As a result, medical science never seriously considered the idea that psychological factors could cause disease.

Several recent studies showed a connection between stress and illness, for example, researchers went to an American military school to study the students. They found that the sick students there had a lot of academic pressure and wanted to achieve, but they were not very good students. In a similar study, researchers studied a group of student nurses and found that the nurses who developed cold sores were the ones who described themselves as generally unhappy people.

In addition to these results, which support their theory, researchers are also looking for proof that stress can damage the immune system. Researchers studied recently bereaved people, i. e. , people whose loved ones have just died, because they are more likely to become ill or die. By examining the immune system of recently bereaved people, the researchers made an important discovery. They examined some white blood cells which are an important part of the immune system. They were not functioning properly. The fact that they were not working correctly indicates that severe psycho- logical stress, such as a loved one's death, may damage an important part of our immune system.

There is still no positive proof of a connection between the immune system and psychological factors. Researchers also say that the results of the studies on bereaved people could have a different explanation. For example, bereaved people often sleep and eat less than normal, or may drink alcohol or take medication. These factors can also affect the immune system. More research is needed to clearly establish the connection between the immune system and psychological factors.

The study on the military school students indicated that ______.

A．life in the school was very stressful

B．disease could be caused by psychological factors

C．the good students were likely to fall ill

D．stress often made students unhappy

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第7题

If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work force, skills, American firms have a

problem. Human-resource management is not traditionally seen as central to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States. Skill acquisition is considered an individual responsibility. Labor is simply another factor of production to be hired — rented at the lowest possible cost — much as one buys raw materials or equipment.

The lack of importance attached to human-resource management can be seen in the corporate hierarchy. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second in command. The post of head of human-resource management is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to move up to Chief Executive Officer (CEO). By way of contrast, in Japan the head of human-resource management is central — usually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firm's hierarchy.

While American firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work forces, in fact they invest less in the skills of their employees than do either Japanese or German firms. The money they do invest is also more highly concentrated on professional and managerial employees. And the limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job-rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies.

As a result, problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrive. If American workers, for example, take much longer to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany (as they do), the, effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United States. More time is required before equipment is up and running at capacity, and the need for extensive retraining generates costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed with which new equipment can be employed. The result is a slower pace of technological change. And in the end the skills of the bottom half of the population affect the wages of the top half. If the bottom half can't effectively staff the processes that have to be operated, the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear.

Which of the following applies to the management of human resources in American companies？

A．They hire people at the lowest cost regardless of their skills.

B．They see the gaining of skills as their employees' own business.

C．They attach more importance to workers than to equipment.

D．They only hire skilled workers because of keen competition.

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第8题

The idea that government should regulate intellectual property through copyrights and pate

nts is relatively recent in human history, and the precise details of what intellectual property is protected for how long vary across nations and occasionally change. There are two standard sociological justifications for patents or copyrights: they reward creators for their labor, and they encourage greater creativity. Both of these are empirical claims that can be tested scientifically and could be false in some realms.

Consider music. Star performers existed before the 20th century, such as Franz Liszt and Niccolo Paganini, but mass media produced a celebrity system promoting a few stars whose music was not necessarily the best or most diverse. Copyright provides protection for distribution companies and for a few celebrities, thereby helping to support the industry as currently defined, but it may actually harm the majority of performers. This is comparable to Anatole France's famous irony, "The law, in its majestic equality, forbids the rich as well as the poor to sleep under bridges. " In theory, copyright covers the creations of celebrities and obscurities equally, but only major distribution companies have the resources to defend their property rights in court. In a sense, this is quite fair, because nobody wants to steal unpopular music, but by supporting the property rights of celebrities, copyright strengthens them as a class in contrast to anonymous musicians.

Internet music file sharing has become a significant factor in the social lives of children, who download bootleg music tracks for their own use and to give as gifts to friends. If we are to believe one recent poll done

It will not be easy to test such hypotheses, and extensive economic research has not conclusively answered the question of whether the patent system really promotes innovation. We will need many careful, sharp-focus studies of well-formed hypotheses in specific industries and sectors of life. For example, observational and interview research can uncover the factors that really promote cultural innovation among artists of various kinds and determine the actual consequences for children of Internet peer-to-peer file sharing.

Which of the following statements about intellectual property is NOT true？

A．Countries may differ in their efforts to protect it.

B．The author considers its protection well-grounded.

C．People believe its protection may benefit creators.

D．The history of its protection has not been long.

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第9题

IQ is not the determining factor for success, said Janell Kilgore, a staff counselor

in the Faculty and Staff Assistance Program. IQ contributes about 20 percent to the factors that determine life success, which leaves 80 percent to other forces, including EQ, she noted. Goleman writes that ―the vast majority of one’s ultimate status in society is determined by non-IQ factors, ranging from social class to luck. Emotional intelligence is one of those factors that can be improved or enhanced.

According to Kilgore, understanding and practicing five key concepts can improve your emotional intelligence.

Knowing one’s own emotions

Recognize and name emotions you feel; understand why you feel that way; and distinguish between feelings and actions. ―As a parent, you can begin now with your children, teaching them about their emotions. But first you have to know your own. You have to be able to tell yourself what you’re feeling, Kilgore said.

Recognizing emotions in others

The ability to take another person’s perspective, Kilgore said, is a skill that effective managers and supervisors possess. Emotionally intelligent individuals also are sensitive to other people’s feelings and listen well. Kilgore led workshop participants through an exercise designed to illustrate these ideas. She showed two emotionally charged clips from the movies Parenthood and E.T.,asking individuals to write down emotions they saw exhibited by the characters ‘ body language.

Participants also wrote down their own feelings during each scene. The group’s list demonstrated the many emotions seen through the films’ characters, as well as the different ways people felt about the same scenes.

Managing emotions

Accept your feelings, but find a balance between over sensitivity or over expression and emotional suppression. Kilgore said her teenage daughters, when angry, have sometimes stomped up the stairs in their home. While some people may find this behavior. unacceptable, Kilgore said she finds it healthy for them to express their emotions rather than suppressing them.

Handling relationships

Being perceptive, applying conflict management skills instead of ignoring conflict, and being considerate and cooperative are important in handling relationships with others. Kilgore also stresses that communication skills are essential to healthy relationships.

(1) According to researchers, which of the following is true？

A、IQ determines life success.

B、EQ determines life success.

C、IQ contributes a small part to life success.

D、EQ contributes a small part to life success.

(2) The word ―sensitive in paragraph 4 line 2 means().

A、showing understanding and awareness of something

B、easily worried and offended by something

C、likely to cause disagreement or make people angry or upset

D、good because it is based on reasons

(3) Why did Kilgore ask individuals to write down emotions they saw in the movie characters and their own feelings？

A、Because she researched human emotions.

B、Because she was interested in movies.

C、Because she wanted to find out the differences between the characters ‘ and the audience'semotions.

D、Because she wanted to teach individuals the importance of recognizing others'emotions.

(4) The example of Kilgore's daughters indicates ().

A、Stomping up the stairs is good behavior

B、Stomping up the stairs is good for her daughters' health

C、Suppressing emotions is good for her daughters' health

D、Letting out emotions is good for her daughters' health

(5) The main idea of the passage is ().

A、what EQ is

B、EQ is more important than IQ

C、how to improve your EQ

D、how to behave properly

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第10题

Conventional wisdom says it’s the students who get straight A’s blow the roof of the SAT

(Scholastic Aptitude Test) and go to Ivy League colleges. Or maybe it’s the children born into wealthy families with brilliant connections. Neither is typical, says Thomas J. Stanley, who surveyed 1300 millionaires for his new book, The Millionaire Mind. The average millionaire made B’s and C’s in college, Stanley says. Their average SAT score was 1190—not good enough to get into many top-notch schools. In fact, most millionaires were told they were not intellectually gifted, not smart enough to succeed. “I find no correlation between SAT scores, grade point averages and economic achievement. None.” said Stanley. “Admittedly, there are some very bright people in the data, but not many.” Instead of relying on natural genius, millionaires choose careers that match their abilities, Stanley said. They may not have great analytic intelligence, but they are creative and practical. They focus on a goal, take calculated risks and then work harder than most people. It’s a lesson Stanley has taken to heart. The author, who lives in Atlanta, has gotten rich himself by writing about the rich. So he took time off to write what he calls “the home-run book.” The Millionaire Next Door, written with researcher William D. Danko of Albany, N.Y., was published in 1996. It has been on The New York Times Best Sellers list for more than 150 weeks. In The Millionaire Mind, Stanley studied even richer millionaires — the top 1% of households. These people had an average net worth of $9.2 million and earned $749,000 a year. And almost none of them credit their success to being smart. They say the keys to success are being honest and disciplined, getting along with people, having a supportive spouse and working hard. “Somehow they figured out what they were good at,” Stanley said. “They all said, I’ll be the best at this. This is what I really, really love to do.” One of his case studies is Donald Sonner, the 64-year-old head of Southern Bloomer Manufacturing Co. in Bristol, Tenn. Sonner’s only education was a single year of high school, but he was a millionaire by the time he was 24. How？ His company takes scrap cloth and makes underwear for prisons and gun-cleaning patches. He got rich by working hard and capitalizing on an idea no one else had, Stanley said.

11. Which of the following is NOT true about Thomas J. Stanley？

A)He is the writer of The Millionaire Mind.

B)He himself became rich by writing about the rich.

C)He has found that one’s school grades and his economic achievement are closely related.

D)One of his books, The Millionaire Next Door, has been on the list of Best Sellers.

12. We can learn from the passage that .

A)one who wants to be a millionaire must have high scores in college.

B)natural intelligence is not so important a factor on deciding whether or not a person is able to become a millionaire.

C)a child born into a rich family is likely to be a millionaire in the future.

D)one can become rich by taking scrap cloth and making underwear for prisons.

13. What are the keys to success according to the passage？

A)honest and hardworking.

B)smart and creative

C)intelligent and well-educated D)self-disciplined and risk-taking

14. What kinds of careers do millionaires choose？

A)They choose the ones that are well-paid.

B)They choose the ones that they’re capable of doing.

C)They choose careers according to their natural genius.

D)They choose the ones that supply them with room for their individualism.

15. In the sentence “It’s a lesson Stanley has taken to heart”, “It” refers to .

A)He himself has gotten rich by writing about the rich.

B)Millionaires may not have great analytic intelligence.

C)Books about millionaires will be very popular with readers.

D)What he has found about millionaires in his survey.

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