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[主观题]

Another cultural aspect of nonverbal communication is one that you might not think about:

space. Every person perceives himself to have a sort of invisible shield surrounding his physical body. When someone comes too close, he feels uncomfortable. When he bumps into someone, he feels obligated to apologize. But the size era person's "comfort zone" depends on his cultural origin. For example, in casual conversation, many Americans stand about four feet apart, hi other words, they like to keep each other "at arm's length". People in Latin or Arab cultures, in contrast, stand very close to each other, and touch each other often. (79) If someone from one of those cultures stands too close to an American while in conversation the American may feel uncomfortable and back away.

When Americans are talking, they expect others to respond to what they are saying. (80) To Americans, polite conversationalists empathize by displaying expressions of excitement or disgust shock or sadness. People with a "poker face", whose emotions are hidden by a deadpan expression, are looked upon with suspicion. Americans also indicate their attentiveness in a conversation by raising their eyebrows, nodding, smiling politely and maintaining good eye contact. Whereas some cultures view direct eye contact as impolite or threatening, Americans see it as a sign of genuineness and honesty. If a person doesn't look you in the eye, an American might say, you should question his motives or assume that he doesn't like you. Yet with all the concern for eye contact, Americans still consider staring—especially at strangers--to be rude.

The passage is mainly concerned with ______ .

A．classification of nonverbal communication

B．the reasons why people should think about space

C．the relationship between communication and space

D．cultural aspects of nonverbal communication

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发布时间：2022-07-27

更多“Another cultural aspect of nonverbal communication is one that you might not think about:”相关的问题

第1题

The mass media is a big part of our culture, yet it can also be a helper, adviser and teac

her to our young generation. The mass media affects the lives of our young by acting as a (an)【1】for a number of institutions and social contacts. In this way, it【2】a variety of functions in human life.

The time spent in front of the television screen is usually at the【3】of leisure: there is less time for games, amusement and rest.【4】by what is happening on the screen, children not only imitate what they see but directly【5】themselves with different characters. Americans have been concerned about the【6】of violence in the media and its【7】harm to children and adolescents for at least forty years. During this period, new media【8】, such as video games, cable television, music videos, and the Internet. As they continue to gain popularity, these media,【9】television,【10】public concern and research attention.

Another large societal concern on our young generation【11】by the media, is body image.【12】forces can influence body image positively or negatively.【13】one, societaland cultural norms and mass media marketing【14】our concepts of beauty. In the mass media, the images of【15】beauty fill magazines and newspapers,【16】from our televisions and entertain us【17】the movies. Even in advertising, the mass media【18】on accepted cultural values of thinness and fitness for commercial gain. Young adults are presented with a【19】 defined standard of attractiveness, a(n)【20】that carries unrealistic physical expectations.

(1)

A．alternative

B．preference

C．substitute

D．representative

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第2题

Though society is increasingly open-minded, the rates of interracial marriages are sti

ll fairly infrequent.However, if you consider that, in a society with a much more conservative attitude, there were not interracial marriages before, at least not ones that were supported, then the current rates are higher.There are still problems in addition to societal approval.

There is a need for people to conform. with society, therefore preventing social-emotional support for interracial couples.Many people are afraid of getting involved because of what others will think.People are often much more open to and ready to embrace the idea when it does not affect their life.“ I support the kid down the street marrying for love, no matter what color skin the person they love has.” However, the same person is not necessarily so supportive when his child brings home someone of another race.Without the support of family, relationships feel more stressful.

Different cultural ideas also increase stress in a relationship.People tend to argue more when they agree less.They tend to agree less when their ideas about things are different.People naturally value their ideas more than they value the ideas of others.This causes each person in the relationship to constantly try to convince the other that their ideas are worthy and that they are worthy of love.A relationship with constant disagreement and a consistent effort to convince the other they deserve their love, without a social network for support, is not likely to be a long-term relationship.

Experts suggest that the way to overcome this is to have a new identity.After securing themselves in the relationship, the partners develop new relational identities that are uniquely and mutually theirs as an interracial couple.This new identity provides the support that is needed to make a relationship succeed.

11.The main idea of Paragraph 1 is that_______.

A.in a conservative society in the past, there were no interracial marriages

B.in a conservative society in the past, interracial marriages were not supported

C.the rates of interracial marriages are still infrequent in an open society

D.compared with the rates of interracial marriages in the past, the current rates are higher

12.According to the passage, which of the following is true？

A.Since people are much more open in the modern society, they support interracial marriages

B.When their child falls in love with someone of another race, parents are usually supportive

C.People do not have to obey the rules of the society

D.Many people are supportive to interracial marriages when they are not concerned.

13.The author’s attitude toward interracial marriages is _______.

A.indifferent

B.supportive

C.neutral

D.negative

14.The main idea of Paragraph 3 is that _______.

A.people always try to convince other people that they are worthy of love

B.modern people tend to value their ideas more than they value the ideas of others

C.constant disagreement will usually lead to a short-term relationship if a supportive social network is not available

D.because of different cultural ideas, people tend to argue more while they agree less

15.The author mentions in the last paragraph that a successful interracial marriage depends on _________.

A.support from society

B.a new identity

C.a new identity and social support

D.a unique and mutual relationship

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第3题

The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hy

potheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is 【B1】 to say it anyway. He is that 【B2】 bird, a scientist who works independently 【B3】 any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not 【B4】 thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested.

【B5】 he, however, might tremble at the 【B6】 of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only 【B7】 that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in 【B8】 are a particular people originated from central Europe. The process is natural selection.

This group generally do well in IQ test, 【B9】 12-15 points above the 【B10】 value of 100, and have contributed 【B11】 to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the 【B12】 of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists, 【B13】. They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, 【B14】, have previously been thought unrelated. The former has been 【B15】 to social effects, such as a strong tradition of 【B16】 education. The latter was seen as a (an) 【B17】 of genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately 【B18】. His argument is that the unusual history of these people has 【B19】 them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this 【B20】 state of affairs.

【B1】

A．selected

B．prepared

C．obliged

D．pleased

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第4题

Contacts （交往) between Japan and the rest of the world have grown a great deal in the twe

Contacts (交往) between Japan and the rest of the world have grown a great deal in the twentieth century. In the last thirty years, business contacts between Japan and the West have become very important. Many foreign companies now have offices in Japan and Japanese businessmen do business around the world.

Differences between Japanese and Western ways of doing business, however, often bewilder the foreign businessman and make doing business in Japan difficult for foreigners.

The American businessman, for example, wants to start talking business immediately. He wants quick decisions. He does not wait. The Japanese, on the other hand, likes to arrive at decisions gradually after giving them a great deal of thought.

Another thing foreign businessmen have difficulty in understanding is when a Japanese means "Yes" or "No". This is because of cultural difference for a Japanese to say "No" directly.

In English, it is easy to say "No" to something we do not want to do. But in Japan it is very difficult to say "No". To refuse an invitation or a request with "No", or a similar phrase, is felt to be impolite. It is thought to be selfish (自私) and unfriendly. So instead of saying "No" directly, the Japanese have developed many ways to avoid saying "No". These enable them to avoid hurting other people's feeling. However, this often makes communication with the Japanese difficult for foreigners to understand and follow.

Paragraph One tells us that______.

A．it is not always easy for foreigners to do business in Japan

B．Japan is a very important country for businessmen

C．business contacts between Japan and the West are important

D．Japanese businessmen do business all around the world

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第5题

In business, people have to deal in person with all kinds of people. When talking to people within your company who don't speak your language,

In business, people have to deal in person with all kinds of people. When talking to people within your company who don't speak your language, you may have to use English; these people may be colleagues or co-workers – who may work with you in your own department, in another part of the building or in another branch. And you may also have to deal with people from outside the organization: clients, suppliers, visitors and members of the public. Moreover, these people may be friends or strangers – people of your own age, or people who are younger or older than you.

The relationship you have with a person determines the kind of language you use. For example, it's not appropriate to say 'Hi, how are you!' when meeting the Managing Director of a large company or to say'Good morning, it's a great pleasure to meet you'when being introduced to a person you'll be working closely with in the same team.

People usually form. an impression of you from the way you speak and behave – not just from the way you do your work. People in different countries have different ideas of what sounds friendly, polite or sincere – and of what sounds rude or unfriendly! Good manners in your culture may be considered bad manners in another. Sometimes your body language, gestures and expressions may tell people more about you than the words you use.

1.The topic of the passage is __________.

A. self-image in business situation

B. the importance of appropriate choice of language

C. dealing with people in business

2.The language you use when talking with people in business is decided by _________.

A. your relationship with the particular person

B. yourself

C. your boss

3.People usually form. an impression of you from _________.

A. your way of doing jobs

B. your language and manners

C. your facial expressions

4.Good manners in your culture may be considered bad manners in another. Good manners in this statement mean ___________.

A. to behave politely

B. to behave lovely

C. to behave aggressively

5.The message of the article is that ________________.

A. dealing with people successfully in business is not easy

B. clients with different cultural background is most challenging

C. language plays a very important role in setting up business relationship

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第6题

From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of o

urselves and the world about us. When humans first【C1】______, they were like newborn children, unable to use this【C2】______tool. Yet once language developed, the possibilities for mankind's future【C3】______and cultural growth increased.

Many linguists believe that evolution is【C4】______for our ability to produce and use language. They【C5】______that our highly evolved brain provides us【C6】______an innate language ability not found in lower【C7】______. Proponents of this innateness theory say that our【C8】______for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually,【C9】______a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. Therefore there are critical【C10】______times for language development.

Current【C11】______of innateness theory are mixed; however, evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable.【C12】______, more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in【C13】______grades. Young children often can learn several languages by being【C14】______to them, while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the【C15】______of their first language have become firmly fixed.

【C16】______some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum. Children who have been【C17】______from other human beings do not possess language. This demonstrates that【C18】______with other human beings is necessary for proper language development. Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language【C19】______than any innate capacities. These theorists view language as imitative, learned behavior.【C20】______, children learn language from their parents by imitating them. Parents gradually shape their child's language skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.

【C1】

A．generated

B．evolved

C．born

D．originated

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第7题

Although there are body languages that can cross cultural boundaries, culture is stilt a s

ignificant factor in all body languages. This is particularly true of personal space needs. For example, Dr. Edward Hall has shown that in Japan crowding together is a sign of warm and pleasant intimacy. In certain situations, Hall believes that the Japanese prefer crowding.

Donald Keene, who wrote Living Japan, notes the fact that in the Japanese language there is no word for privacy. Still, this does not mean that there is no concept of the need to be apart from others. To the Japanese, privacy exists in terms of his house. He considers this area to be his own, and he dislikes invasion of it. The fact that he crowds together with others does not contradict his need for living space.

Dr. Hall sees this as a reflection of the Japanese concept of space. Westerners, he believed, see space as the distance between objects; to them space is empty. The Japanese, on the other hand, see space as having as much meaning as their flower arrangements and art, and the shape of their gardens as well, where units of space balance the areas containing flowers or plants.

Like the Japanese, the Arabs too prefer to be close to one another. But while in public they are crowded together, in privacy, they prefer a great deal of space. The traditional or wealthy Arab house is large and empty, with family often crowded together in one small area of it. The Arabs do not like to be alone, and even in their spacious. houses they will huddle together.

The difference between the Arab huddling and the Japanese crowding is a deep thing. Tile Arabs like to touch his companion. The Japanese, in their closeness, preserve a formality and a cool dignity. They manage to touch and still keep rigid boundaries. The Arabs push these boundaries aside.

Along with this closeness, there is a pushing and shoving in the Arab world that many Westerners find uncomfortable, even unpleasant. To an American, for example, there are personal boundaries even in a public place. When he is waiting in line, he believes that his place there is his alone, and may not be invaded by another. The Arab has no concept of privacy in the public place, and if he can rush his way into a line, he feels perfectly within his rights to do so. To an American, the body is sacred; he dislikes being touched by a stranger, and will apologize if he touches another accidentally. To an Arab, bodily contact is accepted.

Hall points out that an Arab needs at times to be alone, no matter how close he wishes to be, physically, to his fellow men. To be alone, he simply cuts off the lines of communication. He retreats into himself, mentally and spiritually, and this withdrawal is respected by his companions. If an American were with an Arab who withdrew in this way, he would regard it as impolite, as lack of respect, even as an insult.

What's the main idea of the passage？

A．Arabs and Japanese have different ideas of privacy.

B．Body languages reflect cultural concepts.

C．Cultural differences between the West and the East.

D．People in different cultures have different concepts of space.

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第8题

Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Every social experience we have affects us in at least some small ways. Family, schooling, peers, and mass media all have an【S1】______on how we are socialized as children. Each of these factors has the power to shape our thoughts, feelings, and actions. The family is the most important because it【S2】______the center of children's lives. Babies are almost totally【S3】______on others, and the responsibility of meeting their needs almost falls on parents and other family members. At least until the start of schooling, the family is responsible for teaching children cultural【S4】______and attitudes. Schooling【S5】______children's social world to include people with backgrounds that differ from their own. Formally, schooling teaches children a wide range of knowledge and skills. School is also most children's first experience with rigid【S6】______. Children are encouraged to conform. to roles and be on time. Another factor that【S7】______children is their peer group. Unlike the family and school, the peer group allows young people to【S8】______from the direct control of adults. Peer groups also give young people the【S9】______to discuss interests that may not be shared by adults. The fourth major influence on social development is the mass media--【S10】______ television. Years before children learn to read, watching television has become a regular habit. Indeed, children spend as much time watching television as they do interacting with their parents.

A) obviously B) opportunity C) relevant D) represents

E) impact F) dominant G) especially H) discipline

I) stretches J) values K) solution L) escape

M) vary N) affects O) dependent

【S1】

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第9题

New technology links the world as never before. Our planet has shrunk. It’s now a “global

village” where countries are only seconds away by fax or phone or satellite link. And, of course, our ability to benefit from this high-tech communications equipment is greatly enhanced by foreign language skills.

Deeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modern business people who have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroaIn modern markets, success overseas often helps support domestic business efforts.

Overseas assignments are becoming increasingly important to advancement within executive ranks. The executive stationed in another country no longer need fear being “out of sight and out of mind.” He or she canbe sure that the overseas effort is central to the company’s plan for success, and that promotions often follow or accompany an assignment abroaIf an employee can succeed in a difficult assignment overseas, superiors will have greater confidence in his or her ability to cope back in the United States where cross-cultural considerations and foreign language issues are becoming more and more prevalent (普遍的).

Thanks to a variety of relatively inexpensive communications devices with business applications, even small businesses in the United States are able to get into international markets.

English is still the international language of business. But there is an ever-growing need for people who can speak another language. A second language isn’t generally required to get a job in business, but having language skills gives a candidate the edge when other qualifications appear to be equal.

The employee posted abroad who speaks the country’s principal language has an opportunity to fast-forwardcertain negotiations, and cam have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly. Theemployee at the home office who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine is an obvious asset to the firm.

Choose correct answers to the question:

What is the author’s attitude toward high-tech communications equipment？

A.Critical

B.Prejudiced

C.Indifferent

D.Positive

With the increased use of high-tech communications equipment, businesspeople ________.A.have to get familiar with modern technology

B.are gaining more economic benefits from domestic operations

C.are attaching more importance to their overseas business

D.are eager to work overseas

In this passage,“out of sight and out of mind” (Lines 2-3, Para 3) probably means ________.A.being unable to think properly for lack of insight

B.being totally out of touch with business at home

C.missing opportunities for promotion when abroad

D.leaving all care and worry behind

According to the passage, what is an important consideration of international corporationsin employingpeople today？A.Connections with businesses overseas.

B.Ability to speak the client’s language.

C.Technical know-how.

D.Business experience.

The advantage of employees having foreign language skills is that they can ________.A.better control the whole negotiation process

B.easily find new approaches to meet market needs

C.fast-forward their proposals to headquarters

D.easily make friends with businesspeople abroad

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

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第10题

以下关于ASP的说法错误的是（）。

A.ASP使用了Microsoft的ActiveX技术

B.ASP运行在服务器端

C.ASP返回标准的HTML页面

D.ASP语言和JavaScript一样是一种脚本语言

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