How man first learnt to invent words is unknown; in other words, the origin of language is

第1题

How men first learnt to invent words is unknown; in other words, the origin of langua

ge is a mystery. All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain sounds to express thought and feelings, actions and things, so that they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be combined to present those sounds, and which could be written down. Those sounds, whether spoken or written in letters, we call words. The power of words, then, lies in their associations - the things they bring up before our minds. Words become filled with meaning for us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words recall to us the glad and sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words that mean something increases. Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and emotions. This charming and telling use of words is what we call literary style. Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will make our speech silly and vulgar. What is true about words？

：A、They are used to express feelings only

B、They can not be written down

C、They are simply sounds

D、They are mysterious.

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第2题

Three men traveling on a train began a conversation about the world’s greatest wonders

.

“In my opinion,” the first man said, “the Egyptian pyramids(埃及金字塔)are the world’s greatest wonder. Although they were built thousands of years ago, they are still standing. And remember: the people who built them had only simple tools. They did not have the kind of machinery that builders and engineers have today.”

“I agree that the pyramids in Egypt are wonderful,” the second man said, “but I do not think they are the greatest wonder. I believe computers are more wonderful than the pyramids. They have taken people to the moon and brought them back safely. In seconds, they carry out mathematical calculations that would take a person a hundred years to do.”

He turned to the third man and asked, “What do you think is the greatest wonder in the world？”

The third man thought for a long time, and then he said, “Well, I agree that the pyramids are wonderful, and I agree that computers are wonderful, too. However, in my opinion, the most wonderful thing in the world is this thermos.”

And he took a thermos out of his bag and held it up.

The other two men were very surprised. “A thermos？” they exclaimed. “But that’s a simple thing.”

“Oh, no, it’s not,” the third man said. “In the winter you put in a hot drink and it stays hot. In the summer you put in a cold drink and it stays cold. How does the thermos know whether it’s winter or summer？”

1. The underlined word “thermos” in Chinese means “_______”.

A. 电冰箱

B. 洗衣机

C. 电风扇

D. 保温瓶

2. That the three men could not agree on what the world’s greatest wonder was because _______.

A. they could not think of anything very wonderful

B. they all had different ideas

C. they could not prove that their opinions were right

D. the journey ended too soon

3. The first man thought the pyramids were the most wonderful things in the world because ____.

A. they were very beautiful

B. they were Egyptian

C. they had been built with very simple tools

D. they could do mathematical calculations

4. The third man thought a thermos was the most wonderful thing in the world because _____.

A. it lasted longer than the pyramids

B. it cost less than a computer

C. he thought it knew whether it was winter or summer

D. the other two men were surprised when he told them about it

5. The third man was not very clever because ______.

A. he could not think of anything to say

B. he did not understand how a thermos works

C. he did not think the pyramids were wonderful

D. he did not know anything about computers

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第3题

A.as B.for C.to D.beyond E.outLove to us human is what water _____1 fish.Love shines the

A.as B.for C.to D.beyond E.out

Love to us human is what water _____1 fish.Love shines the most beautiful light of humanity.We were born in it and we live by it.We should cherish love,but too often we take it_____2granted.How to cherish the love？I have heard a saying:the quickest way to receive love is to giveit;the fastest way to lose love is to hold it too tightly;the best way to keep love is to give it wings.

When you are young,you may want several love experiences.But _____3 time goes on,you willrealize that if you really love someone,the whole life will not be enough.You need time to know,to forgive and to love.It is important for us to learn to love as the first class in our life.Only whenyou know how to love will you be a real man in this world.Love brings us bright when life gets hard and dark.Love brings us confidence toward life when we are tired _____4 and want to give up.Love deserves all the admiring words,and love is even _____5 the life and death.That is what love is all about in my eyes.

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第4题

The world is not only hungry; it is also thirsty for water. This may seem strange to you

, since nearly 75% of the earth's surface is covered with water. But about 97% of this huge amount is seawater,__ 1_ salt water. Man can only drink and use the other 3% of the fresh water that comes from rivers, lakes, underground, and other _2__.

And we can't even use all of that, because some of it is in the form. of icebergs and glaciers. Even worse, some of it has been polluted.

However, as things stand today, this small amount of fresh water, which is constantly being replaced by rainfall, is still enough for us. But our need_ 3__ water is increasing rapidly – almost day by day. We all have to learn how to stop wasting our previous water. One of the first steps we should _4_ is to develop ways of reusing it.

Experiments have already been done in this__ 5_ but only on a small scale. The systems that have been worked out resemble those used in spacecraft.

A、take

B、or

C、sources

D、for

E、case

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第5题

Man’s mind is his tool Of survival.The mind is used to gain，use，store，and recall knowled

ge.It is his mind that enables a famer t0 know what t0 plant，when to harvest it，how to prepare food from the result.It is his mind that enables a hunter to know what he needs to make a spear，how t0 make it，and how to use it.And it is his mind that enables a blacksmith to know how t0 make iron tools.In short，it i s the mind that enables a person to know what to d0 in order tOosurvive.

Man’s mind allows long—range planning and thinking.It enables such long—range planning as required for farming，hunting，and tool making.These efforts require the ability to form. concepts of long—term cause and effect chains.“I need t0 make a spear tonight SO I can hunt tomorrow and have food for the next 7 days.”There may be environments where people could survive for a while without long—range planning，but without the results 0f knowledge like spears，fire，and 0ther technologies，people would get out—bred by Other animals and die out。

Man’s mind is his tool for survival，but like all tools，it must be properly used.The mind makes good use 0f knowledge，and knowledge can only be 0btained through reason.Without reason，there is no knowledge，and thus no survival。

You must recognize reality and act in accordance with it in order t0 be successful.To the extent that you use reason as your method of judgment in knowledge and action，you will survive and flourish .If you ignore or escape form. reality you will suffer and die.

It is very important t0 note that survival by reason requires the freedom to act according t0 your reason.That is why people d0 not develop well in the control of others，and can not survive when they are subject t0 foree that destroys their ability to act on reason.

26.It is his mind that enables a farmer t0 know how to_______.

A.make spears

B.hunt for animals

C.make iron tools

D.cultivate crops

27.The first two paragraphs show that man’s mind______.

A. is his basic means Of survival

B. enables him to act at will

C. is used to protect themselves

D. helps him 100k int0 reality

28. In order to survive，man should_______.

A.be conquered by 0thel"allimals

B.make a long—range plan for the future

C.1earn to recall knowledge

D.1earn to think reasonably

29.Without the results Of knowledge like spears，fire，and Other technologies，people_____.

A.Could only survive for7 days

B.would kill off a11 the animals

C.would be controlled by 0thers

D.would disappear from the earth

30.It is reasonable that if people want to survive，they should______.

A.develop well in the control of others

B.ignore or escape from reality

C.have freedom to act on reason

D.be subject to certain environments

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第6题

We are profoundly ignorant about the origins of language and have to content ourselves wit

h more or less plausible speculations. We do not even know for certain when language arose, but it seems likely that it goes back to the earliest history of man, perhaps haft a million years ago. We have no direct evidence, but it seems probable that it took the earliest forms of human cooperation. In the Ice Ages of the Pleistocene(更新世) period, our earliest human ancestors established the Old Stone Age culture; they made stone tools and, later, tools of bone, ivory, and antler; they made fire and cooked their food; they hunted big game, often by methods that called for considerable cooperation and coordination. As their material culture gradually developed, they became artists and drew pebbles as well as wonderful paintings of animals on the walls of caves. It is difficult to believe that the makers of these Paleolithic(旧石器时代的) cultures lacked the power of speech. It is a long step, admittedly, from other earliest flint weapons to the splendid spear of the late Stone Age: the first crude flints date back perhaps to 500,000 B.C., while the finest achievements of Old Stone Age man are later than 100,000 B. C.; and in this period we can envisage a corresponding development of language, from the most primitive and limited language of the earliest human groups to a fully developed language in the flowering time of Old .Stone Age culture.

How did language arise in the first place？ There are many theories about this, based on various types of indirect evidence, such as the language of children, the language of primitive societies, the kinds of changes

that have taken place in language in the course of recorded history, the behavior. of higher animals like chimpanzees, and the behavior. of people suffering from speech defects. These types of evidence may provide us with pointers, but they all suffer from limitations.

When we consider the language of children, we haw to remember that their situations are quite different from those of our earliest human ancestors because the child, growing up in an environment where there is al- ready a fully developed language, is surrounded by adults who use that language and are teaching it to him. For example, it has been shown that the earliest words used by children are mainly the names of things and people ("doll," "spoon," "Mummy"), but this fact does not prove that the earliest words of primitive man were also the names of things and people. When the child learns the name of an object, he may then use it to express his wishes or demands.

"Doll!" often means,. "Give me my doll!" or "I've dropped my doll. Pick it up for me!" The child is us- ing language to get things done, and it is almost an accident of adult teaching that the words used to formulate the child's demands are mainly nouns instead of words like "Bring!" "Pick Up!" and so on.

Theories of the origin of language include all of the following EXCEPT______.

A．communication among primitive men

B．the need to communicate

C．the language of children

D．the first man's extensive vocabulary

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第7题

He is the first man （) such an experiment.

A.making

B.to be made

C.to make

D.to be making

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第8题

How men first learnt to invent words is unknown; in other words, the origin of language is

a mystery. All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain sounds to express thought and feelings, actions and things, so that they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be combined to present those sounds, and which could be written down. Those sounds, whether spoken or written in letters, we call words.

The power of words, then, lies in their associations - the things they bring up before our minds. Words become filled with meaning for us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words recall to us the glad and sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words that mean something increases.

Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and emotions. This charming and telling use of words is what we call literary style. Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will make our speech silly and vulgar.

1.The origin of language is _________.

A、a legend handed down from the past

B、a matter that is hidden or secret

C、a question difficult to answer

D、a problem not yet solved

2.What is true about words？ _______

A、They are used to express feelings only.

B、They can not be written down.

C、They are simply sounds.

D、They are mysterious.

3.The real power of words consists in their ______.

A、properties

B、characteristics

C、peculiarity

D、representative function

4.By "association" in the last paragraph, the author means ______.

A、a special quality

B、a joining of ideas in the mind

C、an appearance which is puzzling

D、a strange feature

5.Which of the following statements about the real poet is NOT true？ _________

A、He is no more than a master of words.

B、He can convey his ideas in words which sing like music.

C、He can move men to tears.

D、His style. is always charming.

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第9题

I first began to wonder _____ I was doing on a college campus.

A.what

B.when

C.how

D.where

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第10题

Our family lives on a dirt road in rural Vermont.Most mornings, I walk that dirt road

with my two dogs, Matti Dog and Yellow Dog.

Both Matti Dog and Yellow Dog were strays of unknown history.They both showed signs, curling up at sharp voices and fast movement, of having been beaten in their past homes.We got Matti Dog at the pound (走失家畜认领栏), where she was known as Lady.Yellow Dog appeared while my wife and son were traveling in Utah.

In spite of their backgrounds they are simply wonderful dogs.Both stay at home, without requiring a chain, or fence.We don’t need a leash(皮带)on our walks, they stay close to me, and come immediately when I whistle.If I ask them to sit, they do and they stay until released.Yellow Dog does tend to find and carry dead animals on our walk — but hey he is a dog…

Training Matti Dog and Yellow Dog to behave this well took love and 3-4 weeks of daily half-hour exercises of basic obedience(服从).Not much effort but apparently more than many are willing to give.

On this 3-mile walk, we pass about 8 other houses and 15 other dogs.Folks in my neighborhood like dogs! But what is troubling is that 6 of these dogs appear to be chained all the time.I don’t monitor this, but I have walked by at various times of the day and they were always chained.

These poor dogs are castoffs(被抛弃的狗), perhaps a Christmas present now ignored, or maybe they just behave so “badly” that their humans gave up.What does it say about owners that they can’t spend 2-4 weeks half an hour daily to teach their dog how to behave in a way that permits the dog freedom and that helps that dog be a better companion？

I do know some of these folks.They seem decent enough, but here for all passers to see is the failure of their relationship with man’s best friend.

Your dog is a great billboard.The advertisement is about you.

1.What do we know about the two dogs？()

A.They behave badly at home

B.They were Christmas presents

C.They are dirty and ill

D.They were picked up by the family

2.The writer treats his dogs ____________.

A.cruelly

B.with love

C.with a leash

D.strictly

3.The writer thinks the neighbors’ dogs poor because they __________.

A.don’t have freedom

B.are always hungry

C.like to attack people

D.behave badly

4.The writer believes the owners of those poor dogs _____.

A.are poor people

B.don’t know how to train dogs

C.don’t really love their dogs

D.are too busy to care for dogs

5.“The advertisement is about you” means _________.

A.a lot can be learnt about you from your dog

B.an advertisement is made about you

C.you should know a lot about your dog

D.you make an advertisement for your dog

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